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Pelvic cavity - e-Anatomy - IMAIOS

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Pelvic cavity is the space enclosed between the two pelvic bones. In fact, the true pelvic cavity (a.k.a. true pelvis) is the space situated below the pelvic brim. It extends from pelvic brim (or pelvic inlet) above, to pelvic outlet below. The space is bounded posteriorly by the the lumbar, sacral vertebrae and the coccyx. The pelvic bones interconnect with each other anteriorly at the pubic symphysis, while posteriorly they articulate with the lumbar vertebrae. Together, these bones constitute the bony pelvis (a.k.a. pelvic skeleton).Please note that the space between the iliac fossae of both pelvic bones (a.k.a. false pelvis), that lies above the pelvic brim, is considered to be a part of the abdominal cavity.The true pelvic cavity is further sub-divided, with the help of the pelvic floor muscles, into a ‘pelvic cavity proper’ and a ‘perineum’. The pelvic cavity proper lies above the pelvic floor and contains urogenital organs, including the bladder, uterus and rectum. The part which is below the pelvic floor is called ‘perineum’.Perineum is a diamond-shaped region, which is divided into two sub-triangles, namely the urogenital triangle (in front) and the anal triangle (at the back). The triangles are separated from each other by a hypothetical plane between two ischial tuberosities. The urogenital triangle is bounded by pubic symphysis, ischiopubic rami and ischial tuberosities. It contains openings for urogenital organs. While the anal triangle is bounded by ischial tuberosities and sacrotuberous ligaments. The latter connect the ischial tuberosities with the sacrum and the coccyx behind.The perineum houses the erectile tissue and muscles and distal continuations of urogenital structures. Vertically, the perineum is further sub-divided into superficial and deep perineal pouches with the help of a perineal membrane. This membrane is a fibrous, triangular structure that fills in the gap between ischiopubic rami and lies below the pelvic diaphragm.The superficial perineal pouch lies inferior to the perineal membrane (i.e. between membrane and the skin) and contains erectile tissue, including corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum, and associated muscles, i.e. ischiocavernosus, bulbospongiosus and superficial transverse perineal muscles.The deep perineal pouch lies above the perineal membrane (i.e. between the membrane and the pelvic floor) and contains structures including the membranous part of urethra, bulbourethral glands, sphincter urethrae muscle and deep transverse perineal muscles.