Novel hole-pillar spacer design for improved hydrodynamics and biofouling mitigation in membrane filtration

Novel hole-pillar spacer design for improved hydrodynamics and biofouling mitigation in membrane filtration

Macropatterning of Microcrumpled Nanofiltration Membranes by Spacer Imprinting for Low-Scaling Desalination

PDF) Effect of different commercial feed spacers on biofouling of reverse osmosis membrane systems: A numerical study

CFD (computational fluid dynamics) model setting.

Direct Microscopic Observation of Forward Osmosis Membrane Fouling

Membranes, Free Full-Text

The potentials of 3D-printed feed spacers in reducing the environmental footprint of membrane separation processes - ScienceDirect

PDF) Novel Hole-Pillar Spacer Design for Improved Hydrodynamics and Biofouling Mitigation in Membrane Filtration

Membrane filtration performance enhancement and biofouling mitigation using symmetric spacers with helical filaments - ScienceDirect

The evolution of feed spacer role in membrane applications for desalination and water treatment: A critical review and future perspective - ScienceDirect

The evolution of feed spacer role in membrane applications for desalination and water treatment: A critical review and future perspective - ScienceDirect

Roles and performance enhancement of feed spacer in spiral wound membrane modules for water treatment: A 20-year review on research evolvement - ScienceDirect

Membranes, Free Full-Text

Advancements in conventional and 3D printed feed spacers in membrane modules - ScienceDirect

PDF] Impact of Modified Spacer on Flow Pattern in Narrow Spacer-Filled Channels for Spiral-Wound Membrane Modules